The prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in a South African sample: The impact of a preventative protocol

Abstract

Background: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) has been globally accepted as the new terminology to be used when incontinent patients’ skin is exposed to urine and/or faeces – causing skin redness, with/without oedema or, in more severe cases, erosion (vesicles/bullae) and secondary skin infection. Currently we do not have data on the prevalence of IAD in a South African sample. It is necessary to establish the magnitude of the problem in South Africa, implement preventative strategies and measure the impact of education and preventative care on the prevalence of IAD. Method: A point prevalence study was conducted in two hospitals in two different regions of South Africa before and after a simple skin care preventative protocol was implemented. Results: The prevalence of IAD in Hospital 1 decreased from 36% in December 2015 to 0% in February 2016 and pressure injuries reduced from 5% to 0.5%. In Hospital 2 the prevalence of IAD decreased from 43% in May 2016 to 5% in August 2016 and no pressure injuries were found in August 2016 compared to 5% in May 2016. Conclusions: Following best practice principles of (a) managing incontinence and (b) implementation of a simple protocol to prevent skin breakdown, can result in a 100% reduction of IAD in the hospital setting as well as improving quality patient care and reducing costs.